Responses of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties to Drought Stress and Elevated CO2 Levels: A Comparative Analysis of Growth, Spike Characteristics, and Grain Yield

Farkas, Zsuzsanna and Varga, Balázs (2025) Responses of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties to Drought Stress and Elevated CO2 Levels: A Comparative Analysis of Growth, Spike Characteristics, and Grain Yield. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS. ISSN 0133-3720 (print), 1788-9170 (online)

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Abstract

The study highlights the impact of drought stress at different phenological stages and varying carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth and productivity of four Hungarian winter wheat varieties (‘Mv Ikva’, ‘Mv Nádor’, ‘Mv Nemere’, ‘Mv Kolompos’). The experimental setting contained three different watering regimes (optimal watering as control, water withdrawal at the stem elongation or the heading developmental stage as drought treatment) and three different carbon dioxide levels (current atmospheric, 700 ppm or 1000 ppm). Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how atmospheric conditions, including elevated CO2 levels, might interact with drought stress to influence wheat growth. The results reveal significant differences in plant height, spike length, spike weight, grain number, and grain weight between the main and secondary ears of the tested wheat varieties, with drought stress and CO2 elevation playing critical roles.

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