Demonstration of strong coupling of a subradiant atom array to a cavity vacuum

Gábor, Bence and Kalluvayal, Adwaith Varooli and Varga, Dániel and Sárközi, Bálint and Curko, Árpád and Dombi, András and Clark, Thomas and Williams, Francis and Nagy, Dávid and Vukics, András and Domokos, Péter (2025) Demonstration of strong coupling of a subradiant atom array to a cavity vacuum. EPJ QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY, 12 (1). No.-93. ISSN 2662-4400

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Abstract

By considering linear scattering of laser-driven cold atoms inside an undriven high-finesse optical resonator, we experimentally demonstrate effects unique to a strongly coupled vacuum field. Arranging the atoms in an incommensurate lattice with respect to the radiation wavelength, the Bragg scattering into the cavity can be suppressed by destructive interference: the atomic array is subradiant to the cavity mode under transverse illumination. We show however, that strong collective coupling leads to a drastic modification of the excitation spectrum, as evidenced by well-resolved vacuum Rabi splitting in the intensity of the fluctuations. Furthermore, we demonstrate a significant polarization rotation in the linear scattering off the subradiant array via Raman scattering induced by the strongly coupled vacuum field.

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