Homogenized and gridded daily surface air pressure data series in Hungary from 1901 to 2023

Szentes, Olivér and Pongrácz, Rita and Lakatos, Mónika (2025) Homogenized and gridded daily surface air pressure data series in Hungary from 1901 to 2023. IDŐJÁRÁS / QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE HUNGARIAN METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE, 129 (3). pp. 241-263. ISSN 0324-6329

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Abstract

To describe and study the climate and its changes more accurately, climatedatabases are needed that are representative in time and spatial coverage, and that are basedon sufficiently long measurement data series. In Hungary, air pressure measurements havea long history, similar to temperature and precipitation, but a homogeneous griddeddatabase of Hungarian air pressure measurements over a century, with a daily resolutioncovering the whole 20th century, has not yet been produced. Therefore, the main aim ofthis research was to produce a homogenized gridded daily air pressure database from thebeginning of the 20th century, which is currently available from 1961 only. In addition, inthe period after 1961, and especially in the last few decades, station data series are used inmuch greater numbers than before. This will produce a more accurate interpolation, i.e., amore accurate grid point database than at present, which can be updated annually in thefuture, as for temperature and precipitation.In this paper, we describe the methods used, discuss the station systems used forhomogenization and interpolation of air pressure in different time periods, analyze the mainverification statistics of the homogenization, and also analyze the results of theinterpolation, examine the annual, seasonal, and monthly surface air pressure data seriesand their extremes, including the daily extremes for the period 1901–2023.

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