Effect of 20 % hydrogen enrichment in spark-ignition internal combustion engine using stock ignition settings

Kiss, Attila and Kovács, László and Barna, Hanula and Weltsch, Zoltán (2025) Effect of 20 % hydrogen enrichment in spark-ignition internal combustion engine using stock ignition settings. GRADUS, 12 (2). ISSN 2064-8014

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Abstract

This study presents the experimental results of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine modified for dual-fuel operation with hydrogen and gasoline. The primary objective was to investigate the effects of hydrogen enrichment, specifically a 20% hydrogen energy share on the combustion characteristics under standard ignition timing. Using high-resolution in-cylinder pressure measurements, we evaluated key combustion parameters including combustion duration, heat release rate, and mass fraction burned (MFB) profiles. The findings demonstrate a significant acceleration of the combustion process with hydrogen addition, evidenced by a marked reduction in combustion duration and an earlier occurrence of the MFB50 point. Importantly, the original ignition timing settings, optimized for pure gasoline operation, were retained throughout the tests to isolate the impact of hydrogen on flame development. The results provide critical insight into the dynamic interaction between hydrogen enrichment and conventional engine calibration, with implications for engine efficiency, emissions, and the feasibility of low-intrusion dual-fuel retrofitting.

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