Improving the Physical Characteristics and Durability of Wood Through a Combined Modification Process Using Thermal Treatment and Wax Impregnation in One Step

Bak, Miklós (2025) Improving the Physical Characteristics and Durability of Wood Through a Combined Modification Process Using Thermal Treatment and Wax Impregnation in One Step. FORESTS, 16 (8). No. 1317. ISSN 1999-4907

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Abstract

In this paper, a combined modification method using thermal modification and wax impregnation was investigated. The advantage of this method is that the two modification steps are completed in one step. Two different wood species, beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), were investigated. The effects of the treatments were tested regarding the wax uptake, mass loss, density, equilibrium moisture content, swelling, water contact angle, strength properties, and durability. Through the synergistic effect of the combined modification, it was possible to significantly improve the dimensional stability and decrease the hygroscopicity and equilibrium moisture content, while swelling anisotropy was not affected. It was proven that the wax uptake during this method is highly dependent on the treatment temperature, resulting in a large density increase. The treatment resulted in an obvious color change as well. Bending strength was not affected by the combined treatment, while impact bending, compression strength, and Brinell hardness were improved. High durability was observed after the combined modification method, indicating that lower treatment temperatures are enough to efficiently protect the wood.

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