Zöldkeresztes egészségvédelem Tolna vármegyében a 20. század elején = Green Cross Health Protection in Tolna County in the Early Twentieth Century

T. Konkoly, Lilla (2024) Zöldkeresztes egészségvédelem Tolna vármegyében a 20. század elején = Green Cross Health Protection in Tolna County in the Early Twentieth Century. WOSINSKY MÓR MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE, 46. pp. 333-355. ISSN 0865-5464

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Abstract

The Green Cross health protection for rural populations started to spread across the country in the 1930s under the auspices of the National Institute of Public Health. The movement was primarily aimed at improving the social and health situation in villages and farms through the branches of the organisation. In my paper, I explore where and how the general healthcare system started to develop in Tolna County. The 1933 foundation of the Health Protection Society of Simontornya and its Region was followed by the start of healthcare services in the districts of Szekszárd (1936), Sárvár (1937), Felsőireg (1938), and Dombóvár (1938). In the subsequent years, the movement continued to expand in the county, and in 1940 the Green Cross also started to operate in Bata, then in Mözs and Nagydorog, and finally in Fadd. In my study, I also discuss the key measures implemented by the movement and the activities it undertook in the Interwar Period. The Green Cross nurses, who played a fundamental role in organising rural health protection, also carried out a wide range of activities in Tolna County. In addition to the mothers’ and infants’ protection and general family healthcare, they were engaged in school healthcare, taking care of the poor, and combatting dangerous infectious diseases (TB, malaria, trachoma, and sexually transmitted diseases). They also provided free social and food aid to the population of the districts they served. Their actions included, for example, Green Cross sugar and milk distribution, child nutrition and “vitamin garden” campaigns, as well as organising public cooking courses. In the Interwar Period, the Green Cross Health Protection Service contributed significantly to the enhancement of public healthcare in Hungary, including the eradication of dangerous infectious diseases, the reduction of infant and child mortality, and the improvement of general public health conditions.

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