Inherent structural vulnerabilities in power distribution networks: a longitudinal complex network analysis

Hartmann, Bálint and Soha, Tamás and Cirunay, Michelle and Erdei, Tímea (2025) Inherent structural vulnerabilities in power distribution networks: a longitudinal complex network analysis. APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE, 10 (1). No.-31. ISSN 2364-8228

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Abstract

In this paper we analyse the long-term structural evolution of an electric distribution network, using topological data from four periods over a 20-year long timespan. Despite continuous expansion of the network, we hypothesise that key topological measures remain stable, leading to persistent vulnerabilities. To test this, a complex network analysis was conducted and probability functions of degree, closeness and betweenness centrality were examined. To understand how these inherent vulnerabilities are perceived from the distribution system operator’s perspective, the network efficiency was assessed under normal conditions and after the removal of critical nodes and edges. The results provide insight into whether the expansion of network infrastructure inherently enhances resilience or if fundamental weaknesses can be identified.

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