Operational homogenization of daily climate series in Spain: experiences with different variables

Lorenzo, Belinda and Guijarro, José A. and Chazarra, Andrés and Rodríguez-Ballesteros, César and Moreno, José V. and Romero-Fresneda, Ramiro and Huarte, Maite and Morata, Ana (2024) Operational homogenization of daily climate series in Spain: experiences with different variables. IDŐJÁRÁS = QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE HUNGARIAN METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE, 128 (2). pp. 155-170. ISSN 0324-6329 (print); 2677-187X (online)

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Abstract

Calculation of the new climatological standard normals for the period 1991–2020 was a motivation to carry out the homogenization of the required climatic variables in the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET). The national observation network has undergone changes along its history that often introduce non-climatic interferences to the series. On the other hand, for the calculation of various parameters and climatic indices, it is essential to have complete daily series. With this in mind, homogenization of daily series of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures, sunshine hours, relative humidity, station level pressure, mean wind speed, and maximum wind gust was carried out. This paper shows how the homogenization process was performed, covering the period 1975–2020 with carefully selected daily data sets from the national climatological database. The homogenization software Climatol v.4.0 was used for this process, and derived variables such as average temperature, sea level pressure, and vapor pressure were calculated from their related homogenized series. The peculiarities and issues of each variable are explored and, finally, the homogenization results were used to readily calculate the 1991–2020 climatological standard normals with the dedicated software CLINO_tool v.1.5.

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