Sense of Possible: A Design Process Model Based on Effectuation and Sensemaking

Kettunen, Ilkka (2024) Sense of Possible: A Design Process Model Based on Effectuation and Sensemaking. In: P/References of Design. Cumulus conference proceedings series, 1 . Cumulus Association, Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design Budapest, Budapest, pp. 891-908. ISBN 978-952-7549-02-5

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Abstract

In this conceptual article, I propose a new design process model based on bricolage, sensemaking theory, effectual thinking, and Donald Schön's idea of reflective practice. The design process is the most researched topic in design studies, and introducing a new perspective is challenging. As the design paradigm undergoes a shift and the role of the designer transitions from being merely an expert to becoming more of an enabler, it becomes imperative to explore the ways in which designers engage with innovation My experience suggests that rational and linear normative models do not support constructive design thinking through practice. Reflective design process models, on the other hand, may struggle to guide what should be done in each situation. The designer's "superpower," however, lies in incorporating embodied and intuitive expertise into rational innovation activities within an organization. What new insights can sensemaking and effectual thinking bring to normative design thinking? What does a constructive design process look like when removing rational-analytic elements to make room for designer-like intuitive actions? The contribution of the article is to complement those previous perspectives where design and its practices are linked to the pragmatic paradigm. Design can be described as a visually and materially oriented embodied imaginary service that utilizes imperfect information to integrate meanings for the future. The result can be an unpredictable, surprising, and unique concept. A design process that involves stakeholders in innovation progresses through the integration of stakeholders, imagination, action, reflection, and learning towards achieving a common purpose.

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