Formal and Informal Networks of Money Transfer: The Case of Stephen Várdai (c. 1415–1471)

Molnár, Dávid (2025) Formal and Informal Networks of Money Transfer: The Case of Stephen Várdai (c. 1415–1471). In: Money in Early Modern Christianity. Refo500 Academic Studies (R5AS) (108). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, pp. 205-218. ISBN 9783525502211

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Abstract

This case study presents the early modern ways of formal and informal money transfer that can be reconstructed from five surviving letters written by Stephen Várdai (Stephanus of Warda, István Várdai) in 1448 and 1449. The most interesting parts of this correspondence highlight the details of the legal and semiillegal methods of transferring money in this time period. Following a description of Stephen Várdai’s person, the study explores the methods of transferring money described in Várdai’s letters, shedding light on the contemporary practices of international money transfer.

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