Reproductive performance of indigenous pig breeds in southeast asia

Somsy, Xayalath and Rátky, József and Komlósi, István (2021) Reproductive performance of indigenous pig breeds in southeast asia. ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉS ÉS TAKARMÁNYOZÁS, 70 (1). pp. 3-14. ISSN 0230-1814

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Abstract

Many factors affect the reproductive performance of pigs; one of those factors might be from their genotype, parity contribution, disease, and nutritional problems, environment, and management practice. There have been several factors mentioned in the scientific literature on reproductive performance in commercial pig farms (modern breeds), but very few where indicated on native pig breeds, especially in some countries of Southeast Asia (SEA). However, native or indigenous pigs are still considered as the main domestic animal species in rural areas of the SEA region. The present review aimed to explore the main constraints or barriers to the reproductive and productive performance of native pig breeds in some countries in the SEA region. Moreover, the review aimed at exploring options that could be adopted to improve the productive and reproductive performance of the native pigs in the region. The review found many factors influencing the reproductive performance of the native pigs in some countries in the region, among which include; genotype of native pigs, poor feed supply in both quantity and quality, parasite and disease problem, and poor management practices. One of the most significant factors might be the management practice of farmers. However, it was observed that farmers in Vietnam perform quite well, where numerous of them provide better feed to the native pigs with commercial feeds. They also improved their prolificacy of certain local pig breeds like Mong Cai and Ban pig breeds by crossbreeding them with exotic breeds such as Large White, Yorkshire, among others. In this case, the crossbreeding might not be suitable/favourable for gene preservation; in consequence, most of the best pure native pig breeds in Vietnam almost disappeared. Lastly, the management practices should be taken into consideration on improving the reproductive performance of indigenous pigs in some countries of Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia, and Timor East.

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