Forms of interventions for problematic usage of the internet: A scoping review

Carvalho, Irene P. and Dores, Artemisa R. and Cataldo, Ilaria and Catalani, Valeria and Pellegrini, Luca and Prevete, Elisabeth and Hall, Natalie and Zandonai, Thomas and Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres and Burkauskas, Julius and Carollo, Alessandro and Esposito, Gianluca and M. Menchon, Jose and Rumpf, Hans-Jürgen and Demetrovics, Zsolt and Corazza, Ornella (2025) Forms of interventions for problematic usage of the internet: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS, 14 (3). pp. 1159-1198. ISSN 2062-5871

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Abstract

Background and aims This scoping review aims to identify current forms of interventions for Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) to inform more effective intervention and policy-making initiatives grounded in robust empirical evidence. Methods The search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases until October 12, 2024. Empirical research presenting data on interventions for PUI and written in English was included without restrictions of age groups, types of interventions, or types of PUI. Results Five main forms of interventions for PUI were identified in the 77 studies included in the review, namely, pharmacotherapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, physical exercise, electroacupuncture, and psychotherapy or educational programs. Most studies were conducted in Asian and Middle-Eastern countries, and various validated instruments were used to assess PUI. Psychotherapy and education were the most common interventions in research. Apart from time spent online, positive results of the various interventions were reported on the respective PUI scales in most studies. However, studies with rigorous designs showed non-significant changes, suggesting that methodological differences may influence the reported outcomes. Discussion and conclusions The different interventions reflect the multidimensional nature and complexity of PUI treatment and prevention strategies. Although current interventions show potential, more robust and rigorous study designs are necessary to draw definite conclusions. Further investigation is needed to understand the influence of comorbidities and the impact of individuals actively seeking help on treatment outcomes. Additionally, more substantial evidence is required to evaluate the effectiveness of PUI prevention efforts, particularly considering varying levels of PUI severity.

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