A review of loop mediated isothermal amplification in pathogen detection: Pros and cons

Mbithi, Andrew and Kusza, Szilvia and Bagi, Zoltán (2024) A review of loop mediated isothermal amplification in pathogen detection: Pros and cons. ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉS ÉS TAKARMÁNYOZÁS, 73 (4). pp. 250-268. ISSN 0230-1814

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Abstract

Infectious diseases in farm animals threaten agricultural productivity and animal welfare, necessitating the need for rapid diagnostic methods. This review explores the application of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for detecting pathogenic bacteria in fecal samples from cattle and domestic pigeons, with a focus on Environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction and analysis. LAMP offers significant advantages over traditional diagnostics, including high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, and rapid results. Notably, LAMP can detect as few as 10 copies of bacterial DNA per reaction, demonstrating its remarkable sensitivity. Key challenges include optimizing LAMP assays for various animal species, improving eDNA extraction from fecal samples, and addressing sample preservation and transportation effects on diagnostic accuracy. A comparative analysis reveals LAMP’s superiority over conventional methods, being 50% more cost-effective and delivering results in an average of 35 minutes, compared to several hours for PCR. This review affirms LAMP’s potential to revolutionize pathogen detection through eDNA analysis hence early disease detection and intervention strategies.

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