Kara Csortán. Kun nyelvi és kulturális nyomok a Dél-Alföldön (kiegészítések és újabb adatok)

Fóti, Miklós and Pánya, István (2025) Kara Csortán. Kun nyelvi és kulturális nyomok a Dél-Alföldön (kiegészítések és újabb adatok). In: Hatházi 65. Tanulmányok Hatházi Gábor 65. születésnapja tiszteletére. Székesfehérvári Szent István Múzeum, Székesfehérvár, Kecskemét, pp. 75-86.

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Abstract

This study presents new linguistic and cultural evidences for the Cuman presence in the southern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve region. Building upon newly accessible archival sources, including medieval charters and Ottoman tax registers, the authors reveal place and personal names of Cuman origin that persisted or transformed over centuries. Several toponyms, such as Alacsa, Árkán, Jarmanülése and Kara Csortán, are analyzed with respect to their etymological roots. These names offer valuable insight into the settlement continuity and the sociolinguistic dynamics of the Cuman population. The study also discusses demographic changes during the Ottoman period and the gradual assimilation of Cuman identity, evidenced by changes in toponyms and the fading of original Cuman names. Despite the decline of the Cuman language, some communities retained awareness of their heritage, as evidenced by Kara Csortán, used as a second name for Ferencszállás in 1546. Furthermore, we show that roads leading to Cuman territories were commonly referred to as kun-út (roads of the kun) in the medieval charters. The research emphasizes the usefulness of Ottoman defters and calls for further examination of the ambiguous toponyms of Bácska to clarify the extent of Cuman infiltration in the south. The study contributes to the understanding of Cumanian integration after the adoption of Christianity and highlights the lasting impact of their cultural heritage in the region.

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