Robotsebészet a betegbiztonság szolgálatában = Robotic surgery in the service of patient safety

Bárdos, Dávid and Szijártó, Attila (2025) Robotsebészet a betegbiztonság szolgálatában = Robotic surgery in the service of patient safety. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 6 (3). pp. 239-244. ISSN 3057-9759

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Abstract

A robotasszisztált sebészet a sebészeti technikák legújabb fejlődési szintjét képviseli, amely egyre szélesebb körben kerül alkalmazásra hazánkban is. A robotsebészet számos szakterületen – így például a nőgyógyászatban, urológiában, gasztrointesztinális, máj- és hasnyálmirigy-sebészetben – bizonyított előnyöket kínál a precíziós műtéti technikák, a csökkent műtéti megterhelés és a gyorsabb felépülés révén. Ugyanakkor a magas költségek, a hosszabb tanu lási görbe és a haptikus visszajelzés hiánya továbbra is kihívást jelent. A robotsebészet fejlődése és integrációja hazánkban kulcsszerepet játszik a sebészi betegellátás modernizálásában és a betegbiztonság növelésében. | Robot-assisted surgery represents a transformative advancement in the evolution of minimally invasive surgical techniques, driven by the overarching goal of reducing perioperative trauma and enhancing patient safety. Building on the foundation laid by laparoscopic surgery, robotic systems now allow surgeons to perform complex operations with greater precision, flexibility, and control. The widespread adoption of robotic platforms across various specialties – including gynecology, urology, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic surgery – has demonstrated clear clinical benefits such as lower complication rates, shorter recovery times, and improved functional and oncological outcomes. The Hungarian experience with robotic surgery began in early 2022 and rapidly expanded across institutions and specialties. Robotic surgery offers distinct advantages across different surgical specialties, tailored to the specific anatomical and technical demands of each field. In liver surgery, robotic systems facilitate minimally invasive access to anatomically challenging lesions, especially in posterior liver segments, and enable refined dissection through 3D visualization and tremor-free instrument control. Pancreatic surgery, including robotic pancreatoduodenectomy, benefits from improved ergonomics and lower morbidity compared to open techniques. Meanwhile, in rectal surgery, robotic platforms excel in narrow pelvic spaces, reducing conversion rates and preserving functional outcomes. In gynecology, robotic surgery enables highly precise dissection in confined anatomical spaces, supporting its role in both benign and oncologic procedures. Urology, one of the earliest adopters, continues to benefit from the precision and nervesparing potential of robotic systems, particularly in prostate and kidney cancer surgeries. Despite its clear clinical benefits, robotic surgery faces challenges: high acquisition and maintenance costs, extended operative times – especially during the learning phase – and the lack of haptic feedback. However, improvements such as the tactile simulation in the latest Da Vinci systems and structured training programs (including drylab simulation) are addressing these limitations. Strategic patient selection and institutional centralization further enhance cost-effectiveness and patient safety. In conclusion, robotic surgery is not merely a technological milestone but a patient-centered innovation that serves to elevate safety and surgical quality. Its integration into modern surgical practice represents a crucial step toward delivering high-standard, minimally invasive care.

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