Modern eszközök a mellkassebészetben = Modern tools in thoracic surgery

Tarsoly, Elemér Gábor and Ghimessy, Áron and Radeczky, Péter and Rényi-Vámos, Ferenc István (2025) Modern eszközök a mellkassebészetben = Modern tools in thoracic surgery. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 6 (3). pp. 245-248. ISSN 3057-9759

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Abstract

A mellkassebészet az utóbbi évtizedekben forradalmi átalakuláson ment keresztül, köszönhetően a fejlett eszközök, technológiák és minimál invazív eljárások terjedésének, amelyek minimalizálják a sebészeti invazivitást, és felgyorsítják a betegek gyógyulását. Cikkünk célja, hogy áttekintse a modern mellkassebészeti technikákat, valamint bemutassa a legújabb innovációkat, például az AI alkalmazásait a diagnózisban és a sebészeti támogatásban. Az AI fejlődése hozzájárulhat a diagnosztikai folyamatok javulásához, a sebészeti pontosság növeléséhez és a posztoperatív eredmények optimalizálásához. Azonban a technológiai előnyök kihasználásához elengedhetetlen a sebészek megfelelő képzése és az új technológiák iránti nyitottság. A modern mellkassebészet jövője tehát a technológiai újítások és az orvosi tudományok szoros együttműködésén múlik, lehetővé téve a betegek számára a korszerű, hatékonyabb kezelést. | Thoracic surgery has undergone revolutionary transformations in recent decades due to advanced tools, technologies, and minimally invasive procedures. These innovations reduce surgical invasiveness and accelerate patient recovery. This article reviews modern thoracic surgical techniques, highlighting recent innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) applications in diagnostics and surgical assistance. AI has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance surgical precision, and optimize postoperative outcomes. However, harnessing these benefits requires adequate training and openness to new technologies among surgeons. The future of thoracic surgery depends on the close collaboration between technological advancements and medical sciences, paving the way for more effective and modern patient care. Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). VATS marked the first step toward modern thoracic surgery, enabling small incisions and camera-assisted procedures. This approach minimizes postoperative pain, shortens hospital stays, and reduces complications. It is particularly effective for lung tumor resections, biopsies, and mediastinal tumor treatments. Robot-Assisted Thoracic Surgery. Robotic systems, especially the da Vinci Surgical System, have revolutionized minimally invasive thoracic procedures. These systems enhance surgical precision through robotic arms controlled by surgeons, reducing hand tremors and improving access to complex structures. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO supports respiratory and circulatory functions during severe respiratory failure or complex surgeries like lung transplantation. It oxygenates blood outside the body and removes carbon dioxide, allowing the stabilization of critically ill patients. Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP). The EVLP technique optimizes donor lungs before transplantation by maintaining and assessing them in a controlled environment outside the body. It increases the availability of donor lungs by rehabilitating those initially deemed unsuitable, significantly expanding transplant opportunities. 3D Printing and Intraoperative Navigation. 3D printing creates patient-specific anatomical models for detailed surgical planning, especially for complex reconstructions. Intraoperative imaging tools, such as CT or MRI, provide real-time guidance, enhancing surgical precision and patient safety. Artificial Intelligence in Thoracic Surgery. AI and machine learning are emerging as transformative tools in thor-acic surgery, offering significant benefits in diagnostics, imaging, and decision support. AI-powered algorithms improve the analysis of CT and MRI scans, enabling rapid identification of abnormalities such as tumors.

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