A klimatikus változások hatása a hazai felszín alatti vízkészletekre = Climatic changes on groundwater resources in Hungary

Szűcs, Péter and Nyiri, Gábor (2025) A klimatikus változások hatása a hazai felszín alatti vízkészletekre = Climatic changes on groundwater resources in Hungary. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 6 (1-2). pp. 107-115. ISSN 3057-9759

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Abstract

A tanulmány átfogó képet ad arról, hogy az utóbbi évtizedek klimatikus változásai hogyan hatottak a hazai felszín alatti vízkészletekre. Javasolt intézkedések és lehetséges beavatkozási irányok is megfogalmazásra kerültek annak érdekében, hogy stratégiai fontosságú felszín alatti vízkészleteinket a jövőben is fenntartható módon tudjuk hasznosítani. A bemutatott kutatási eredmények szorosan kapcsolódnak az MTA Nemzeti Víztudományi Programjához, amelynek létrehozásában és működtetésében Németh Tamásnak, az MTA rendes tagjának kiemelkedő szerepe volt. Jelen tanulmány első szerzője hálás szívvel gondol azokra az időkre, amikor a Nemzeti Víztudományi Program irányító testületében együtt dolgozhatott Németh Tamás akadémikussal. | The study provides a comprehensive picture of how the climatic changes of recent decades have affected domestic groundwater resources. Recommended measures and possible directions of intervention were formulated in order to be able to use our strategically important groundwater resources in a sustainable way in the future. Climate change and the increase in the frequency of extreme weather conditions pose significant challenges and risks to Hungary’s groundwater resources. The measurement data show that the adverse processes of climate change are often directly linked to the elements of the global water cycle and the hydrological cycle, but their impact goes far beyond water management issues. Today’s modern data collection methods provide climate researchers, groundwater experts and decision-makers with a huge amount of data with global coverage. Access to data and information with modern data analysis methods can represent a significant step forward in understanding harmful processes and trends and in exploring cause-and-effect relationships. The climatic changes experienced have a significant impact on Hungary’s groundwater resources, which play an important role in drinking water supply, agriculture and the maintenance of ecosystems. Adaptation and resilience measures and interventions to protect and sustainably use groundwater resources may include the following areas: – widespread use of sustainable water management and water-saving solutions; – increased natural water retention and soil protection, as well as soil improvement; – artificial recharge of groundwater resources. Launch of MAR “Managed Aquifer Recharge” projects as planned in several places in the country; – development of monitoring systems, artificial intelligence-based data analysis; – regulating the situation of household wells without permits and reporting obligations from a water management perspective; – ecosystem-based adaptation; – reduction of non-revenue water (NRW) in water distribution systems. The presented research results are significantly related to the National Water Science Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, in the creation and operation of which Tamás Németh, the member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, played a prominent role. The first author of this study thinks with a grateful heart of the times when he was able to work together with academician Tamás Németh in the Steering Board of the National Water Science Program.

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