Az omega-3-zsírsavkiegészítés élettani és klinikai hatásai lovakban : Szakirodalmi áttekintés = Physiological and clinical effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in horses

Dénesi, Dalma and Jerzsele, Ákos and Deák, Edit and Wagenhoffer, Zsombor and Korbacska-Kutasi, Orsolya (2026) Az omega-3-zsírsavkiegészítés élettani és klinikai hatásai lovakban : Szakirodalmi áttekintés = Physiological and clinical effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in horses. MAGYAR ÁLLATORVOSOK LAPJA, 148 (1). pp. 29-44. ISSN 0025-004X

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Abstract

Az utóbbi években kiemelt figyelmet kapott az omega-3 zsírsavak szerepe a lovak takarmányozásában és egészségmegőrzésében. Bár az omega-3 és omega-6 zsírsavak hatásait már széles körben vizsgálták, a lovak betegségeinek táplálóanyag- és vitaminhiánnyal összefüggő háttere még mindig nem kap kellő figyelmet. A szerzők célja, hogy átfogó áttekintést nyújtsanak az omega-3 zsírsavak lovakra gyakorolt élettani és klinikai hatásairól, valamint bemutassák a zsírsav-kiegészítés alkalmazásának lehetőségeit és kihívásait. | Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), certain compounds classified as essencial fatty acids (EFAs) are crucial for the nutrition of all mammals, including horses. While the positive effects of various oil and fat supplements are well-documented, there is increasing interest in the specific roles that different fatty acids (FAs) play in equine health and performance. The use of feed supplements is becoming more widespread among horse owners, making it important to clarify their significance. PUFAs include two main types: omega-6 (Ω6) and omega-3 (Ω3) fatty acids. Omega-6 fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), are precursors to several biologically active eicosanoids, including prostaglandins (PG), leukotrienes (LT), and thromboxanes (TX), which play significant roles in immune responses, inflammatory processes, and blood clotting. Omega-3 fatty acids, mainly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), are converted into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Horses have limited ability to convert ALA from plant oils and fresh grass into EPA and DHA, due to the low activity of the enzyme responsible for this conversion. This process is influenced by various dietary factors, particularly the Ω6:Ω3 ratio, as both fatty acids compete for the same enzyme. An increased Ω6:Ω3 ratio may negatively impact inflammatory processes and overall health, as Ω6 fatty acids promote the synthesis of eicosanoids that may cause inflammation and other issues. In humans, Ω3 PUFAs have been shown to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as ALA, EPA, and DHA, reduce inflammatory responses and have beneficial effects on conditions like metabolic syndrome, glucose utilization, and insulin sensitivity in horses. They also play a role in alleviating symptoms of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory respiratory diseases. Omega-3s reduce oxidative stress and support muscle regeneration, which is essential in various muscle disorders. They improve coat condition and quality, while also alleviating skin problems. Additionally, they have beneficial effects on the nervous system and digestive issues caused by stress, and are important for improving reproduction and fertility. This summary aims to emphasize the critical role of nutrition in managing various diseases in horses, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate feed and supplements to optimize equine health and recovery, ensuring the maximum effectiveness of treatments and the long-term well-being of the animal.

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