Bőrleishmaniosis kutyában : esetismertetés és irodalmi áttekintés = Cutaneous leishmaniosis in a dog : case report and literature review

Tóth, Zsombor Tamás and Vizi, Zsuzsanna and Márialigeti, Márton and Vida, Kata and Falus, Fruzsina Anna and Tarpataki, Noémi (2026) Bőrleishmaniosis kutyában : esetismertetés és irodalmi áttekintés = Cutaneous leishmaniosis in a dog : case report and literature review. MAGYAR ÁLLATORVOSOK LAPJA, 148 (1). pp. 13-27. ISSN 0025-004X

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Abstract

A szerzők egy bőrtüneteket mutató, Leishmania-fertőzött kutya esetét ismertetik, valamint átfogó képet nyújtanak a Magyarországon is egyre gyakrabban azonosított protozoonozisról. A Törökországból származó, 4 éves keverék kan kutya hónapok óta progrediáló bőrtünetek miatt érkezett az Állatorvostudományi Egyetem Kisállatklinikájára 2024. januárjában. A kutya gyenge kondíciójú, sorvadt izomzatú, lázas volt, a fejen és a lábvégeken hámló és pörkös bőrtüneteket mutatott. A leishmaniosis gyanúját a szerológiai és a citológiai vizsgálat is megerősítette. Jelen tanulmány írásának időpontjában a kutya gyógykezelés mellett tünetmentes. | Background: Leishmaniosis is a globally significant vector-borne parasitic disease of dogs and human population, with clinical manifestations ranging from subclinical infections to life-threatening systemic conditions. Transmitted by sand flies of the Phlebotomus genus, the disease is present in close to 100 countries and poses a growing public health challenge due to climate change, human mobility and changed dog-keeping practices. Historically confined to Mediterranean regions in Europe, its geographic range is expanding northward, with non-endemic areas now reporting cases. Objectives: This case report describes a canine cutaneous leishmaniosis presentation at the Small Animal Clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Budapest. The patient, a 4-year-old male mixed-breed dog from Turkey, exhibited progressive skin lesions accompanied by fever and lymphadenopathy. Materials and methods: Following comprehensive physical and diagnostic evaluations, we identified exfoliative dermatitis affecting the pinnae, dorsal surfaces of the paws, and lateral aspects of the ankles. Cytological analysis of the submandibular and popliteal lymph nodes, combined with serological tests, confirmed the presence of a Leishmania infection. The dog was treated with allopurinol and underwent a dietary modification. Since the diagnosis and initiation of treatment, the dog has remained symptom-free. Results and discussion: The first autochthonous case of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) in Hungary was reported in 2007 in Tolna County, where 30% of dogs in a kennel were infected with Leishmania infantum, despite no sand flies (Phlebotomus spp.) being captured in the area. The case we present underscores the potential for increased incidence of leishmaniosis in Hungary due to the importation of dogs from endemic areas. This trend suggests that veterinarians should be vigilant for signs of the disease in dogs brought into the country from regions where leishmaniosis is prevalent.

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