Revisiting the Date of Īśvarakṛṣṇa and His Sāṃkhyakārikā

Yang, Changjie (2025) Revisiting the Date of Īśvarakṛṣṇa and His Sāṃkhyakārikā. ACTA ORIENTALIA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE, 78 (3). pp. 447-469. ISSN 0001-6446

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Abstract

This paper addresses the longstanding issue of determining the chronology of Īśvarakṛṣṇa and his work Sāṃkhyakārikā (SK). By examining new historical findings, the paper establishes the dates of Vikramāditya and Bālāditya in Paramārtha’s record. Thence, a new theory is proposed regarding the relationship between Vindhyavāsin and Īśvarakṛṣṇa, by which the earliest possible date for SK is established. Afterwards, by analyzing Buddhist texts of philosophers like Dignāga and Bhāviveka, this paper proposes that Īśvarakṛṣṇa’s SK likely dates between 447–490 A.D. This is supported by historical and textual evidence, whereby casting new light to determining the chronology of other early Sāṃkhya teachers.

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