Nomadic Towns and Their Environments in Mongolia : The Khi-Land Project’s research into Khar Bukh Balgas and other Khitan settlements

Lkhagvasuren, Erdenebold and Harmath, András and Laszlovszky, József and Siklódi, Csilla and Szilágyi, Zsolt and Tolnai, Katalin and Tóth, Tamás (2024) Nomadic Towns and Their Environments in Mongolia : The Khi-Land Project’s research into Khar Bukh Balgas and other Khitan settlements. HUNGARIAN ARCHAEOLOGY, 13 (1). pp. 32-42. ISSN 2416-0296

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Abstract

The recent study of 10th–12th-century archaeological sites of the Khitan Liao Empire in Mongolia produced significant new results. Earlier research focused mainly on the internal structure of a few fortified settlements, while recent investigations placed greater emphasis on the immediate environment of these central places. In 2023, the Hungarian-Mongolian joint project called Khi-Land facilitated fieldwork at one of the most important archaeological sites of the region, Khar Bukh Balgas. This paper presents the geophysical and archaeological surveys conducted at this settlement and briefly discusses the features around the fortification that were examined by aerial photography. Exploring the small, enclosed sites in the region through aerial surveys and field walks contributes to a better understanding of Khitan period settlement networks and the general phenomenon of nomadic towns.

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