Artificial Intelligence: New Horizons in Geography Education and Geographical and Earth Science Research

Mezősi, Gábor and van Leeuwen, Boudewijn and Tobak, Zalán and Csikós, Nándor and Szilassi, Péter (2026) Artificial Intelligence: New Horizons in Geography Education and Geographical and Earth Science Research. MODERN GEOGRÁFIA, 21 (2). pp. 123-143. ISSN 2062-1655

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Abstract

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly widespread in scientific research, including geography and the Earth sciences, offering new opportunities while simultaneously raising methodological challenges. The concept of producing research results through algorithm- and model-based machine processing with diminishing levels of human intervention has been present in the Earth sciences for some time. The analysis of the rapidly growing volume of geographical data can now be supported in novel ways by artificial intelligence, which not only facilitates the automated identification of specific spatial patterns from satellite imagery but also contributes to the exploration and interpretation of complex spatial processes. Its application enables, for example, the prediction of dynamic processes and the reconstruction of the former states of certain regions. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the potential applications of artificial intelligence in geographical research and education, illustrated through both national and international examples. The analysis also highlights that many methodological approaches currently classified under the umbrella of AI in geography have already been in use for some time; however, the broader and more integrated application of AI may lead to dynamic developments in geographical and Earth science research, as well as in geography education. Given that the range of methodological possibilities offered by AI is continuously expanding, this study does not seek to present all potential applications. Instead, following a general overview, the topic indicated in the title is illustrated through a selection of representative examples from the field of geography.

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