Magyar, Lilla Brigitta and Ábrahám, Edit and Lipinszki, Zoltán and Tarnopol, Rebecca L. and Whiteman, Noah K. and Varga, Viktória and Hultmark, Dan and Andó, István and Cinege, Gyöngyi Ilona (2025) Pore-forming toxin-like proteins in the anti-parasitoid immune response of Drosophila. JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY, 17 (1). pp. 10-28. ISSN 1662-811X
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Abstract
Introduction: Species of the ananassae subgroup of Drosophilidae are highly resistant to parasitoid wasp infections. We have previously shown that the genes encoding Cytolethal Distending Toxin B (CdtB) and the Apoptosis Inducing Protein of 56 kDa (AIP56) were horizontally transferred to these fly species from prokaryotes and are now instrumental in the anti-parasitoid immune defense of Drosophila ananassae. Here we describe a new family of genes, which encode proteins with Hemolysin E domains, heretofore only identified in prokaryotes. Hemolysin E proteins are pore-forming toxins, important virulence factors of bacteria. Methods: Bioinformatical, transcriptional and protein expressional studies were used. Results: The hemolysin E-like genes have a scattered distribution among the genomes of species belonging to several different monophyletic lineages in the family Drosophilidae. We detected structural homology with the bacterial Hemolysin E toxins and showed that the origin of the D. ananassae hemolysin E-like genes (hl1-38) is consistent with prokaryotic horizontal gene transfer. These genes encode humoral factors, secreted into the hemolymph by the fat body and hemocytes. Their expression is induced solely by parasitoid infection and the proteins bind to the developing parasitoids. Conclusions: Hemolysin E-like proteins acquired by horizontal gene transfer and expressed by the primary immune organs may contribute to the elimination of parasitoids, as novel humoral factors in Drosophila innate immunity.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Funding Agency and Grant Number: NKFI [K135877]; Hungarian National Science Foundation; National Laboratory for Biotechnology Program [2022-2.1.1-NL-2022-00008]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [LP2017-7/2017]; Swedish Research Council [2018-05114]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R35GM119816]; Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary Funding text: In this research, the NKFI K135877 (I.A.) grant from the Hungarian National Science Foundation, the National Laboratory for Biotechnology Program Grant No. (2022-2.1.1-NL-2022-00008), and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Lendulet Program Grant No.[LP2017-7/2017]) (Z.L.) provided costs of the RNA and protein works, costs of antibody production, the charges for the microscopy and other laboratory equipment required for the work, salaries, and publication fee. The grant 2018-05114 from the Swedish Research Council (D.H.)and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (award No. R35GM119816) (N.K.W.) provided the technical support for bioinformatical analysis and support of supply. The Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary provided salary (G.C.). The Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary (L.B.M.) supplied scholarship. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Drosophila, Horizontal gene transfer, Parasitoid, Hemolysin, Pore-forming toxin |
| Subjects: | Q Science / természettudomány > QH Natural history / természetrajz > QH301 Biology / biológia > QH3015 Molecular biology / molekuláris biológia Q Science / természettudomány > QR Microbiology / mikrobiológia |
| SWORD Depositor: | MTMT SWORD |
| Depositing User: | MTMT SWORD |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Mar 2026 08:35 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Mar 2026 08:35 |
| URI: | https://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/235639 |
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