Investigation of the sárköz pot-shaped tile stove : Architectural Historical, Structural and Thermal Analysis with 3D Modeling and CFD Simulation

Nádasi-Antal, Zsuzsanna and Nagy, Gergely (2026) Investigation of the sárköz pot-shaped tile stove : Architectural Historical, Structural and Thermal Analysis with 3D Modeling and CFD Simulation. ÉPÍTÉS-ÉPÍTÉSZETTUDOMÁNY, 54 (1-2). pp. 25-61. ISSN 0013-9661

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Abstract

One of the characteristic heating devices of Hungarian vernacular architecture, the pot-shaped tiles stove, survived in an almost unchanged shape among the poorer classes from the 15th century up to the 20th century. This durable presence is in sharp contrast with the continuous formal and functional development of aristocratic stoves. The aim of the present study is to examine the structural and thermal engineering characteristics, as well as the cultural significance, of the pot-shaped tiles stove, in order to find an explanation for this stove type’s survival for nearly five hundred years, going beyond the simple explanations of tradition preservation and economic constraints. The research combines historical and typological analysis (based on archaeological finds, ethnographic data) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations aimed at modeling the stove’s thermal performance. The results highlight that the long lifespan of the stove is significantly due to its complex and efficient thermal operation. The two-part structure – a cuboid base with thicker walls and pot-shaped tiles for heat storage, and a cylinder on top made of thinner-walled, bowl-shaped tiles for rapid heat dissipation – allowed for an optimal heating-up time. The ceramic tiles (“pots”) not only increased the heat-dissipating surface but also served secondary functions.

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