Gender identity and occupational segregation in the Serbian labour market

Žarković, Jelena (2026) Gender identity and occupational segregation in the Serbian labour market. ACTA OECONOMICA, 76 (1). pp. 1-20. ISSN 0001-6373

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Abstract

This qualitative study examines the determinants of occupational segregation in the Serbian labor market, with a particular emphasis on gender identity. Using Labour Force Survey data, we calculate commonly used indices of labour-market segregation and identify occupations with significant gender imbalances. We complement this quantitative analysis with individual interviews from highly segregated occupations and focus group discussions on occupational choice factors. The triangulation of these findings reveals the persistence of conservative values in Serbian society, which helps explain the rising level of gender segregation among major occupational groups over the past two decades. Respondents describe how segregation has been shaped by economic transformations during the transition period, including the expansion of the private sector, the entry of multinational companies, and the expansion of career opportunities. We observe near-universal support for traditional gender identities: women are primarily regarded as caregivers - emotional and best suited to people-oriented jobs, while men are perceived as bold, task-focused, and more appropriate for physically demanding or technical work, reinforcing their status as leading family providers.

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