Alternatív osztott takarmányozási rendszer használata tojótyúkok esetében = Using a split feeding system for laying hen

Horváth, Boglárka and Baranyay, Henrik and Pál, László (2025) Alternatív osztott takarmányozási rendszer használata tojótyúkok esetében = Using a split feeding system for laying hen. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS. ISSN 3057-9759 (In Press)

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Abstract

A hagyományos tojótyúk-takarmányozásban széles körben alkalmazott gyakorlat egy azonos összetételű és tápanyagtartalmú, teljes értékű keveréktakarmány etetése a nap folyamán. Az alternatív takarmányozási rendszerek közé tartozó osztott etetési rendszerben délelőtt és délután eltérő összetételű takarmánykeverék etetése történik, ami így pontosabban követheti a napi tojásképzési ciklus napszakonként változó táplálóanyag- és kalciumigényét. Kutatómunkánk során egy saját fejlesztésű osztott etetési technológiát hoztunk létre, és vizsgáltuk a hagyományos takarmányozási rendszerrel összehasonlítva a tojótyúkok tojástermelése, tojásminőségi paraméterei, nitrogénretenciója és -emissziója, illetve a takarmányozási költségek szempontjából. | The traditional and widely used practice in the feeding of laying hens is to feed a complete diet of the same composition and nutrient content throughout the day. Alternative systems, like split feeding, can more precisely follow the nutrient and calcium requirements of the daily egg-laying cycle and in some cases allow selection between energy, protein and calcium sources. Some technologies can potentially use local whole grains, reducing the energy needed to transport, mill and blend the grain and the carbon footprint of feed production. In the sequential or split feeding system, morning and afternoon diet of different composition is distributed in the same feeding trough and may be the most suitable alternative system for large-scale laying hen farms. The split system has been shown in several experiments to achieve comparable egg production, lower feed intake and better feed conversion ratio compared to the conventional feeding. In our research work, a new split feeding technology was developed and compared with the conventional feeding technology using Nick Brown laying hens during the peak production period. Hens (n=48) were housed individually and fed for 12 weeks (from 29 to 40 weeks of age) in a conventional (control, C; n=24) or in a split (O; n=24) feeding system. The morning diet of the split-fed group had higher energy (AMEn; 102.7%) and lower Ca content (80.4%) compared to the C group, while the afternoon diet had lower energy (96.4%) and higher Ca concentration (113.4%) compared to the C group (100%). The crude protein level of the morning diet of the split technology was the same as the dietary crude protein level of the conventional system, but the crude protein concentration of the afternoon mixture of the split feeding was lower (92%) than the value calculated for the control (100%). In addition to adjusting the crude protein levels, the standardised ileal digestible (SID) concentration of eight essential amino acids was considered during the optimization of the amino acid content of the diets to provide more accurate amino acid supply. The egg production parameters of the experimental animals in the conventional and split systems did not differ significantly, even though lower daily energy (AMEn) and crude protein intake were measured in the split feeding group (P<0.05). In the split system, the feed conversion ratio of the experimental animals was more favourable, and the eggshell thickness was greater compared to the results of the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The laying hens producing in the split feeding system emitted less total nitrogen into their environment, primarily due to their lower N intake than those receiving conventional feeding (P<0.05). As a result of split feeding, the lower concentration of some N forms (NH4+-, uric acid- and urinary-N) present in the excreta can be considered more advantageous in terms of ammonia emission (P<0.05).

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