Bacillus spp. kivonatok hatásának vizsgálata csirke ileum explantátum tenyészeten = The effect of Bacillus spp. extracts on a chicken ileal explant model

Tráj, Patrik and Dudás, Réka and Rege, Anna Márton and Sebők, Csilla and Mackei, Máté and Neogrády, Zsuzsanna and Kemény, Ágnes and Varga, Krisztina and Bohár, Gyula and Mátis, Gábor (2026) Bacillus spp. kivonatok hatásának vizsgálata csirke ileum explantátum tenyészeten = The effect of Bacillus spp. extracts on a chicken ileal explant model. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 6 (4). pp. 430-440. ISSN 3057-9759

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Abstract

A brojlercsirkék intenzív tartása hajlamosítja az állatokat a stresszre és a fertőző betegségekre. Az EU-ban tiltott profilaktikus antibiotikum-használat és hozamfokozás helyett, kompenzálva az előbbiek kártételét, előtérbe kerültek a természetes alternatívák, például a pre-, pro- és posztbiotikumok. Vizsgálatunkban Bacillus licheniformis és Bacillus mojavensis kivonatok hatását teszteltük egy újonnan alkalmazott, háromhetes csirkék ileumából származó explantátum modellen. A gyulladást poliinozin-policitidilsavval ( poly I:C) váltottuk ki, így került összevetésre az LDH, IL-1β, IFN-γ, RANTES, MDA és kaszpáz-3 paraméterek szintjében megmutatkozó hatás a kivonatokkal is kezelt, kombinált csoportoknál. A 0,6 százalékos B. licheniformis kiegészítés csökkentette az IL-1β- és az IFN-γ-koncentrációt, valamint 3 százalékos koncentrációban növelte a kaszpáz-3-szintet. Az utóbbi koncentrációban a B. mojavensis poly I:C-vel együtt emelte az MDA értékét. Eredményeink szerint a B. licheniformis törzs gyulladáscsökkentő és proapoptotikus hatással bírhat, illetve a felhasznált explantátummodell alkalmas lehet metabolitok és kivonatok hatásainak célzott in vitro vizsgálatára. | During broiler breeding, the main goal is to produce products that meet market demands in the shortest possible time. The extremely intensive farming practices can stress the animals, and predispose them to multifactorial diseases. Since the use of antibiotics for prophylactic and growth-promoting purposes in farm animals has been banned in the European Union, more attention has been given to alternative, natural growth promoters, including probiotics. These substances influence the composition of the microbiota and affect the response of the immune system to pathogens and inflammation. The exact mechanism of action of probiotics is not yet fully understood. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of extracts originating from two strains of Bacillus licheniformis (NCAIM 334/2017 strain) and Bacillus mojavensis (NCAIM 497/2020 strain) on chicken ileal explants isolated from 3-week-old broiler chicken. The explants were cultured for 12 hours in DMEM F12 medium supplemented with 0.6% and 3% Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus mojavensis extracts formulated with dextrose and dextrose control groups, respectively. To induce an inflammatory response, the cultures were treated with 50 µg/ml of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C, viral nucleic acid analogue) combined with the previous treatments. At the end of the experiment, the metabolic activity of the cells was examined by CCK-8 assay. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) proinflammatory cytokine concentrations were measured from the medium. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) as redox parameter and that of cell death marker caspase-3 were determined from cell lysates. The poly I:C treatment significantly reduced the metabolic activity of the explants and the LDH activity in the medium. Bacillus treatments had no effect on these parameters. Compared to the poly I:Ctreated inflammatory group, Bacillus licheniformis at a concentration of 0.6% significantly reduced the levels of IFN-γ and IL-1β cytokines and at a concentration of 3% significantly increased caspase-3 concentration of the cells. The combined treatment of poly I:C with Bacillus mojavensis at a concentration of 3% significantly increased the MDA level. Based on the results, the applied Bacillus licheniformis extract had anti-inflammatory effect and could promote apoptosis of the cells under inflammation related cell damage. In contrast, Bacillus mojavensis at a concentration of 3% showed a prooxidant effect. Further studies are needed to gain a more precise understanding of the effects of the investigated Bacillus species and strains.

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