When Administrative Law Meets Process Engineering : BPMN Modelling, Automation and Interoperability in the Hungarian State Registry Systems

Gerencsér, Balázs Szabolcs and Ilosvai, András and Karacs, Kristóf Imre and Kurunczi, Gábor and Oláh, András and Sulyok, András Attila and Tornai, Kálmán and Varga, Ádám (2026) When Administrative Law Meets Process Engineering : BPMN Modelling, Automation and Interoperability in the Hungarian State Registry Systems. PUBLIC GOVERNANCE ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCES LAW REVIEW, 11 (1). pp. 151-168. ISSN 2498-6275

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Abstract

The paper examines the digitalisation of Hungary’s public administration registries through an interdisciplinary legal IT lens. It traces the acceleration of records digitisation since the 2000s and identifies fragmentation across sectoral registers as the primary barrier to end-to-end digital services. Methodologically, we combine doctrinal legal analysis with process engineering, using BPMN to model priority procedures and test two questions, namely, 1. whether digitised procedures fit within current Hungarian register law, and 2. what are the challenges that hinder interoperability in both the legal and IT contexts? Our findings demonstrate that BPMN enables verifiable, executable specifications for normative procedures, supporting RPA and rule-based automated decisions. AI and expert systems can extend capabilities where explainability and override are ensured. The paper argues for a technologyneutral code of state registries and enforceable interoperability, i.e. shared identifiers, data contracts and auditability. We are also proposing improvements to risk management, such as addressing biases, ensuring authenticity and preventing model drift. These improvements Will guide the transition to a human-centred, reliable digital administration.

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