Az állati tetemen megjelenő kétszárnyúak (Diptera) és alkalmazásuk az igazságügyi rovartanban : Irodalmi összefoglaló = Flies (Diptera) on animal carcass and their application in forensic entomology : Literature review

Bozó, Csaba (2026) Az állati tetemen megjelenő kétszárnyúak (Diptera) és alkalmazásuk az igazságügyi rovartanban : Irodalmi összefoglaló = Flies (Diptera) on animal carcass and their application in forensic entomology : Literature review. MAGYAR ÁLLATORVOSOK LAPJA, 148 (7). pp. 427-436. ISSN 0025-004X (nyomtatott); 3003-9924 (elektronikus)

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Abstract

A szerző szakirodalmi adatok alapján bemutatja az állati tetemen megjelenő kétszárnyúakat (Diptera) és azok alkalmazását az igazságügyi rovartanban. Az állati tetem baktériumspektrumának változásai a gázhalmazállapotú bomlástermékek növekvő koncentrációjával jár. Ez kémiai üzenet a lebomlási folyamat során elsőként megjelenő, a bomlási illatanyagokra érzékeny fémeslegyek (Diptera: Calliphoridae) számára, amelyek az igazságügyi rovartani vizsgálatok indikátor fajai. Az igazságügyi rovartan vizsgálati módszertana tekintetében a sertéstetem az emberi holttesten végbemenő lebomlási folyamatok elemzésének legalkalmasabb modellszervezete. Az állatok ellen elkövetett bűncselekmények vizsgálatában a rovartani vizsgálati módszernek a halál időpontjának megállapításában van kiemelt jelentősége. | The change of the bacterial spectrum at in the animal carcass is indicative of the initial phase of the decomposition process, accompained by an escalating concentration of various gaseous elements. These are hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxid, methane, ammonium, sulfure dioxid and hydrogen. This phenomenon function as a chemical signal that is perceived by species during the decomposition process. The most sensitive species to decomposition odours are flies (Diptera). The flies are capable of acting as biological vector for pathogens. A notable example of this is the house fly, Musca domestica L (Diptera: Muscidae), which is able to breed in substantial numbers on livestock farms due to its remarkable reproductive capacity. As a synantropic fly species, it is a mechanical vector for various pathogens and therefore poses a similar threat to humans and animals. Several species of other fly families of members, such as the metal flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), are also breeding on livestock farms. The biology of these fly species differs from that of members of the family Muscidae. These flies are not only found on live animals, but also on animal carcass, where they can access a rich source of nutrients. For this reason, flies play an important role in forensic entomology. Forensic methodology utilises pig carcasses as a model for human cadavers, as they are similar in terms of decomposition processes. The investigation of crime againts animals requires the same methods as for human cases. However, the features of the animal species in question must be taken into account. In the literature review, I present the insect examination options for crime investigation available today. It is important note, however, that these examinations can be used effectively in conjunction with many other instrumental measurements. For example include analytical chemical and genetical analyses.

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