The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Cyberattacks, Part 3 : Phases 5–7 (+1) of the Cyber Kill Chain Model, Challenges, Trends, Outlook

Kovács, Zoltán (2026) The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Cyberattacks, Part 3 : Phases 5–7 (+1) of the Cyber Kill Chain Model, Challenges, Trends, Outlook. HADMÉRNÖK, 21 (1). pp. 25-39. ISSN 1788-1919

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Abstract

The first part of the series of articles provided a basic understanding of the fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence and its relevant subfields, and demonstrated that the Cyber Kill Chain (CKC) model is suitable for achieving the main objective of the article, despite all its limitations, i.e. it can be used to review what AI-supported tools attackerscan already use in the various phases of a cyberattack and how these tools help them. Thesecond part of the series examined the latter in phases 1–4 of the CKC, while this article, the third part of the series, shows how attackers can use AI in the last three plus one phases of the CKC and how it helps them achieve their goals. In addition, this article highlights the challenges attackers face when using AI and presents the trends that can be observed in cyberattacks. Finally, this article makes recommendations for the direction of further research, namely, to examine the possibilities of using AI-supported defence solutions in the individual phases of CKC and to compare the possibilities of the attacking and defending sides in order to develop effective response capabilities.

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