Persona vicecomitis. Az alispáni familiáristól a megyei esküdt intézményig

Kádas, István (2026) Persona vicecomitis. Az alispáni familiáristól a megyei esküdt intézményig. In: A familiaritás átalakulásától a modern bürokráciáig. A (köz-)igazgatás és a (köz-) szolgálat története Magyarországon a késő középkortól a 20. századig. EKKE Líceum, Eger. (In Press)

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Abstract

The present study examines a distinctive county function that appeared in the north-eastern part of the late medieval Kingdom of Hungary: the persona vicecomitis. This was a specific type of ad hoc county delegate assisting the work of the county authority, representing the vice-ispán during on-site investigations alongside the acting noble judges. The formula in persona comitis and the associated function can be documented from the mid-fifteenth century in Ung and Zemplén counties, and it seems that, originally, the familiares of the ispán were indeed sent out to conduct inquiries under this designation. Later, however, it appears more likely that such persons were selected from among the nobles participating in the county court, while their dispatch was authorised by the vice-ispán. By the Jagiellonian period, the formula and the practice had become established in several counties of the region, including Ung, Zemplén, Sáros, Szepes, Abaúj, Gömör, and Borsod, and after Mohács they can also be documented in further counties. Several of the personae (vice)comitis of the Jagiellonian period came from the same families as the noble judges, and former or later county office-holders can also be found among them. The function of the persona (vice)comitis disappeared in the 1550s; from that point onward, jurors acted together with the noble judges. It seems that the jurors took over this role, though already in the Jagiellonian period the persons performing it may have been drawn from some form of juror-like group.

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