Combined Effects of Water Shortage and CO2 Enrichment on Yield and Water Use Properties of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes

Varga, Balázs and Farkas, Zsuzsanna and György, Márton and Varga-László, Emese and Veisz, Ottó (2026) Combined Effects of Water Shortage and CO2 Enrichment on Yield and Water Use Properties of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, 212. No.-e70215. ISSN 0931-2250

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Abstract

A selection of winter barley genotypes was investigated for their responses to water shortage under different CO2 concentrations in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a 2*2 factorial design. Plants were grown either with optimum water supply or simulated drought in the BBCH 59 stage at current (~400 ppm CO2) or elevated CO2 concentrations (~700 ppm CO2) with identical climatic conditions. Yield parameters (aboveground biomass and grain yield), water use and water use efficiency (WUE; kg m−3) were calculated. Drought stress induced a decrease in yield production, and the rate of yield reduction was higher at 700 ppm CO2 concentration. On average for the genotypes studied, water withdrawal resulted in a 20.01% and 22.0% reduction in grain yield at 400 ppm and 700 ppm CO2 levels, respectively. Under optimum irrigation, BCC570, BCC607, Ketos, BCC887, HOR12808 and Kaskade showed significant positive CO2 responses. Under a limited water supply, positive CO2 reactions were only observed for BCC570, Ketos and BCC1585 genotypes; however, a significant positive CO2 reaction regarding the yield production was observed for Panda. The carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased water use efficiency under optimum watering conditions by 24.57% and drought- stressed conditions by 21.72%. However, the water shortage significantly increased water use efficiency under both 400 ppm (10.48%) and 700 ppm (12.36%) CO2.

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