Bioactive natural compounds from the widely distributed, diverse root endophytic fungal genus Darksidea

Berek-Nagy, Péter János and Knapp, Dániel G. and Kraszni, Márta and Tóth, Gergő and Csíkos, Sándor and Lengyel, Petra and Dobay, Orsolya and Akhmetova, Galiya and Kiyas, Aldabergen and Zabolotskich, Vladimir and Maciá-Vicente, Jose G and Romero-Jiménez, María-José and Porras-Alfaro, Andrea and Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo and Kovács, Gábor M. and Boldizsár, Imre (2026) Bioactive natural compounds from the widely distributed, diverse root endophytic fungal genus Darksidea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 253. No. 115066. ISSN 0031-9422 (In Press)

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Abstract

The endophytic fungal genus Darksidea, one of the most abundant members of root-associated fungal communities in Eurasian and North American grasslands, was investigated for its specialized metabolites. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 51 Darksidea isolates revealed 15 well-supported clades, including eight potentially novel species. Following a metabolite screening of the in vitro-cultivated fungal isolates, 18 characteristic metabolites of the genus were identified and isolated. Their chemical structures were elucidated by high- performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-HR-MS/ MS), which revealed structure-specific fragmentation patterns. The structures were subsequently confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These analyses also led to the identification of four previously undescribed compounds: two eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, 1-dehydroisopetasol and 3-petason, and two polyketides, mannuronyl-epicoccamide A and mannuronyl-epicoccamide D. Plant bioassay with Lemna minor showed that ten of the 18 compounds inhibited plant growth. In addition, the polyketide quinone ascomycone A exhibited mild antibacterial activity against both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains.

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