László, Nikolett and Szabó, Milán and Ferenc, Györgyi and Ungor, Ditta Anita (2026) Multifunctional Vitamin B1-Derived Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters for Efficient Maize Protoplast Transformation. ANTIOXIDANTS, 15 (8). No. 1045. ISSN 2076-3921
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Abstract
Fluorescent copper nanoclusters are promising functional nanomaterials; however, controlling their redox behavior through ligand engineering remains challenging. Herein, a multifunctional Vitamin B1-derived fluorescent copper nanohybrid system was synthesized by a simple one-pot method, where Vitamin B1 served as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. Spectroscopic and structural characterization supported the formation of ligand-stabilized fluorescent ultrasmall copper species exhibiting blue emission at 465 nm with a quantum yield of 5.7%. The B1-Cu nanohybrid system displayed pronounced environment-dependent dual redox activity. ORAC analysis revealed a Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity of 229.2 ± 5.8 µM TE, compared with 28.1 ± 4.3 µM TE for pure Vitamin B1, while the ABTS assay yielded an IC50 value of 14.4 ± 0.4 µM, representing an approximately fivefold improvement over Vitamin B1 (73.7 ± 1.9 µM). In addition, the material exhibited pH-dependent peroxidase-like activity, demonstrating its nanozyme functionality. Biological validation in maize protoplasts showed concentration-dependent intracellular ROS regulation, a pronounced hormetic response, and up to 83% higher GFP-mediated transformation efficiency than the untreated control. These findings demonstrate that ligand-directed modulation of fluorescent copper nanoclusters provides an effective strategy for engineering multifunctional redox-active nanohybrid systems for plant biotechnology and other redox-regulated biointerface applications.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Additional Information: | Funding Agency and Grant Number: "Agribiotechnology and precision breeding for food security National Laboratory" [RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007]; Hungarian Academy of Science [KGYNK2025-40]; National Research, Development, and Innovation Office-NKFIH [PD137938]; Jnos Bolyai Research Scholarship Funding text: The research was supported by the National Research, Development, and Innovation Office-NKFIH through the PD137938 and "Agribiotechnology and precision breeding for food security National Laboratory" (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00007). Ditta Ungor thanks the financial support for the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship and was awarded the Hungarian Academy of Science's grant for the support of researchers raising children (KGYNK2025-40). |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | copper nanocluster; nanozyme; biomimetic activity; antioxidant; peroxidase activity; cell treatment; ROS level; viability; transfection efficiency |
| Subjects: | Q Science / természettudomány > Q1 Science (General) / természettudomány általában |
| SWORD Depositor: | MTMT SWORD |
| Depositing User: | MTMT SWORD |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Sep 2026 06:21 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Sep 2026 06:21 |
| URI: | https://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/246638 |
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