Legal and Economic Support for Candidate Countries

Frumarová, Kateřina (2026) Legal and Economic Support for Candidate Countries. In: EU Enlargement and Successful Integration: Is There a Way? Studies of the Central European Professors’ Network . Central European Academic Publishing, Miskolc-Budapest, pp. 95-128. ISBN 978-615-7027-65-7, 978-615-7027-66-4, 978-615-7027-67-1

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Abstract

The European Union (EU) enlargement process is highly demanding, requiring candidate countries to meet a range of conditions. Accordingly, it is necessary to implement fundamental reforms, particularly in the rule of law, the functioning of democratic institutions and public administration and the market economy, as well as to align national legal frameworks with EU law. In this regard, the EU and Member States are striving to support candidate countries through various instruments and mechanisms of so-called pre-accession assistance. These may differ in nature – legal, financial or technical. Although the main instrument of support is currently the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) III, this chapter will also examine other key instruments in all areas of pre-accession assistance. It will also highlight specific support instruments for Ukraine or Western Balkan countries, and delve into the institutional arrangements of this assistance. Other major European or international organisations supporting EU enlargement, such as the Council of Europe, the UN and others, will also be discussed. It can be concluded that establishing a truly functional and effective system of support for candidate countries is not only complex, but also ‘sensitive’, as it involves the integration of various values, interests, needs and challenges as well as specific circumstances of individual Member States, candidate countries and the EU as a whole.

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