University–Workplace Knowledge Transfer in the Age of AI, Part I: Barriers and Delay Mechanisms between Higher Education and Industry

Bálint, Tétényi and Stefan, Kovács and Csilla, Judit Suhajda (2026) University–Workplace Knowledge Transfer in the Age of AI, Part I: Barriers and Delay Mechanisms between Higher Education and Industry. ÚJ MUNKAÜGYI SZEMLE, 7 (3). pp. 2-12. ISSN 2677-1306

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Abstract

This study examines barriers to university–workplace knowledge transfer (KT) in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital transformation, with a particular focus on the emergence of delays. Based on a bibliometrically informed review of recent literature (2020–2026), 82 relevant studies were identified, from which 16 were selected for in-depth qualitative synthesis. The findings reveal six recurring barrier categories, including strategic misalignment, legal and transactional frictions, resource constraints, cultural gaps, internal digitalization deficits and limited absorptive capacity. The study introduces a process-oriented perspective by linking these barriers to delay mechanisms across different KT phases. Results suggest that delays are systemic, cumulative and reinforced across multiple levels. The paper contributes a dynamic understanding of KT inefficiencies, forming the basis for a subsequent analysis of enabling mechanisms and governance solutions.

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