Conclusion and Synthesis About ART in Nine European Countries

Korać Graovac, Aleksandra and Sápi, Edit (2026) Conclusion and Synthesis About ART in Nine European Countries. In: The Best Interests of the Child Conceived by ART – Law in Book and Law in Action. Studies of the Central European Professors’ Network . Central European Academic Publishing, Miskolc, Budapest, pp. 481-521. ISBN 978-615-7027-47-3 (printed version) 978-615-7027-48-0 (pdf) 978-615-7027-49-7

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Abstract

The following chapter is a summary and conclusion part of the country reports of the nine European countries in this volume. This chapter provides a synthesis of the most important questions and cornerstones of ART in nine European countries. Therefore, it deals with three of the main parts of this topic. Firstly, the constitutional background for ART is outlined, with special regard to the dignity and ART, and the respect for private and family life and the interconnections to ART. In the second, bigger chapter the ART technologies in the legal environment are put in focus, mainly from a medical aspect. Within the framework of this topic, the ART procedures of the given countries, the state involvement in financing ART procedures, the beneficiaries of ART and the key aspects of surrogacy are affected by the authors. The third bigger part of the chapter deals with the huge area of ART and family law and put the emphasis on the questions of establishing motherhood and fatherhood, surrogacy, same-sex legal parents, contesting motherhood and fatherhood, and last but not least, the best interests of the child.

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