Possible antagonistic effect of three fusarium mycotoxins on genotoxicity of spermatozoa of breeding rabbit bucks

Kachlek, Mariam Lilia and Szabó-Fodor, Judit and Blochné Bodnár, Zsófia and Kovács, Melinda (2015) Possible antagonistic effect of three fusarium mycotoxins on genotoxicity of spermatozoa of breeding rabbit bucks. In: International Conference on Food Contaminants: challenges in chemical mixtures, 2015.04.13-2015.04.14., Lisszabon, Portugália.

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Abstract

Fusarium species can produce several mycotoxins e.g. FB1, DON and ZEA which are frequent contaminants of cereals intended either for human or animal consumption. F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum produce FB1 whereas F. graminearum is the main producer of DON and ZEA resulting in co-occurrence. Although multimycotoxin contamination occurs very often, most studies focus on single effects. Moreover the mycotoxins’ concentrations used in the experimental diets are usually high and unlikely to occur in nature. Data on the effect of combined mycotoxins consumption in low dosages (according to EU recommendations) are scarce. In addition there are no studies assessing the genotoxicity of these Fusarium toxins on reproduction system and especially on spermatozoa after in vivo exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of FB1, DON and ZEA alone as well as in combination in low dosages on spermatozoa derived from breeding rabbit bucks after in vivo treatment. The rabbit bucks were fed for 65 days with the experimental diets; Control (C), FB1 (F), ZEA+DON (ZD) and FB1+ZEA+DON (FZD), the concentrations were 0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 0.25+1 mg/kg and 5+0.25+1 mg/kg respectively. On day 65, semen was collected and Comet assay was performed to assess the genotoxicity (DNA damage). According to the Comet assay results, F treatment resulted in significantly less 0 comets compared to other treatments. Regarding score 1 all toxin treatments had similar proportions. As for score 2, F had significantly increased number of cells compared to FZD. Few cells had score of 3 (maximum 0.625%) whereas no cells with score 4 were found. It can be concluded that the combined toxins act rather antagonistically than FB1 alone since the combination led to lower DNA damage (higher score 0 and lower score 2). This is the first time interactive genotoxic effects of FB1, DON and ZEA on rabbit spermatozoa are reported.

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