Genetic structure of Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) populations in the Carpathian Basin

Pecsenye, Katalin and Tóth, János Pál and Bereczki, Judit and Szolnoki, Noémi and Varga, Zoltán Sándor (2016) Genetic structure of Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) populations in the Carpathian Basin. Organisms Diversity and Evolution. pp. 1-11. ISSN 1439-6092

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Abstract

The patte rn of genetic variation in a butterfly species depend s on the pa st history of the given 2 species and also on recent evolutionary processes affecting its populations . The aim of the 3 pr esent study was (i) to analyse the enzyme polymorphism in the Clouded Apollo populations 4 of the Carpathian Basin to reveal the contemporary pattern of their genetic differentiation and 5 (ii) to compare it with an expanded mtDNA haplotype network of the SE E uropean 6 populations. Allozyme polymorphism was analysed in 22 populations of four geographic 7 regions: Transdanubian ( TM ) and North Hungarian Mountains ( NM ), Körös (KÖR) and Bereg 8 – Apuseni – East Carpathian regions (BEAC). The results of the Bayesian clust ering analyses 9 based on allozyme s supported the presence of three main genetic lineages in the Carpathian 10 Basin : o ne was typical for TM , another was characteristic for NM and the third cluster was 11 predominant in K ÖR. T he populations of BEAC harboured a mix ture of two clusters. The 12 mtDNA haplotype network suggested a fairly similar distribution: the peri - Alpine clade 13 together with the West Balkan clade was detected in TM , while the East Balkan clade occurred 14 in NM , partly in TR and in the two eastern regions of the Basin (KÖR and BAEC). The 15 incongruities between the results of the mtDNA and allozyme studies can be explained by the 16 different time scales represented by the two markers. The mtDNA haplotype network provided 17 strong evidence concerning the existenc e of two Balkan lineages , which probably formed a 18 “zone of admixture” in the Transdanubian and North Hungarian Mountains . The possibility of 19 Last Glacial survival of P. mnemosyne in the Carpathian Basin and the conservation 20 implications of these results ar e discussed.

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