Comparison of sound velocity estimation and classification methods for ultrasonic testing of cheese

Kertész, I. and Felföldi, J. (2016) Comparison of sound velocity estimation and classification methods for ultrasonic testing of cheese. Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences, 12 (1). pp. 51-62. ISSN 1786-335X

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Abstract

Testing of two methods novel to ultrasonic measurements was carried out on cheese samples to estimate the Time-of-Flight (TOF) parameter. The Short Time Average/Long Time Average (STA/LTA) method and the Autoregressive Akaike Information Criterion Picker (AR-AIC picker) method are used mainly in seismology for earthquake event detection. The STA/LTA method proved to be ineffective with such noise level that is present during ultrasonic measurements, but the AIC picker algorithm yielded reliable results. A new approach for classification was tested on two types of samples, those were matching in composition, but different in treatment and texture. The method used is based on the results of wavelet decomposition, and after retrieving sufficient spectral data, a linear discriminant analysis (DA) resulted in 100% correct classification, which was compared to the DA classification results based on other methods.

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