F. Körner, Zsuzsa and Nagy, Márta (2002) A városrendezési szabályozás története Magyarországon. Építés - Építészettudomány, 30 (1-2). pp. 123-158. ISSN 0013-9661
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Abstract
The history of city regulation documented on maps started in the 17th century, after the Turkish occupation and has several distinctive periods. The study focuses on the characteristics of population settling before 1850, after the Turkish era, since they served as a model for the regulation of city enlargements in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 17th and 18th centuries we find quite a few examples of "popular regulations" based on common consent, whereas regulations initiated by cities and other proprietors were executed by surveyors. Repeated floods and fires made it also necessary to regulate certain areas of cities. (The very first regulatory rules formed parts of rules related to fire protection and public security). Large-scale regulations appeared after 1800, a good example being Schilson's plan of the district of Lipótváros, which influenced the first comprehensive regulatory plan of Pest, made by János Hild. The period between 1850 and the turn of the century is characterized by large-scale public and private building activity, the construction of railway lines, train stations, new city axes, public buildings enriching city centres. The network of roads fixed by regulatory plans are in the most cases characterized by orthogonality, although influenced by well-known city reconstructions in the second half of the 19<sup>th</sup> century (Paris, Vienna, Barcelona). In case of the capital and of the city of Szeged, city structures with a system of radial and ring roads also appear. In order to facilitate the implementation of these plans, the general law of expropriation was passed in 1881 and remains in force until as late as 1955. Between 1900 and 1945 the majority of Hungarian towns completed their comprehensive regulatory plans based on principles elaborated in the first place by architect planners like Antal Palóczi, József Wälder, László Warga and Károly Weichinger. In the regulation of residential areas compositional principles of the British Garden Cities Movement, the Baroque and Classicism prevailed. This period saw also the birth of our first law of city regulation and building (1937.VI.), a progressive act which our present legal system also took for a model. After World War II, between 1945 and 1990, as a result of nationalizations, state ownership became dominant: both in city regulation and legal regulation the role of the state was predominant. A characteristic of the age is the construction of housing estates and of socialist large-scale industrial works. Following the change of regime, privatization transformed the practice of city regulation, too. New regulatory situations appeared, such as the reutilization of traffic areas no longer needed, as well as of former military areas.
Item Type: | Article |
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Subjects: | T Technology / alkalmazott, műszaki tudományok > TH Building construction / mély-és magasépítés N Fine Arts / képzőművészet > NA Architecture / építészet |
Depositing User: | xKatalin xBarta |
Date Deposited: | 01 Feb 2017 10:13 |
Last Modified: | 30 Apr 2022 23:15 |
URI: | http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/47010 |
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