Urinary ggt/creatinine ratio and fractional excretion of electrolytes in diarrhoeic calves

Ulutas, B. and Sahal, M. (2005) Urinary ggt/creatinine ratio and fractional excretion of electrolytes in diarrhoeic calves. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 53 (3). pp. 351-359. ISSN 0236-6290

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to monitor renal function in diarrhoeic calves and to determine the effectiveness of an applied fluid therapy. A total of 28 diarrhoeic (n = 18) and healthy (n = 10) Holstein-Friesian calves of different sexes, between 1 and 30 days of age, were used. Blood and urine samples were obtained from diarrhoeic calves before the treatment and then three more times at 24-h intervals during the treatment. From healthy calves, samples were taken only once. Therapy was started by the intravenous administration of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions for the first 24 h, followed by the oral application of a commercial electrolyte solution (sodium chloride 3.5 g, trisodium citrate 2.9 g, potassium chloride 1.5 g and glucose anhydrous 20 g in 1 litre H2O) up to the 48th h of therapy. Before the therapy, the average levels of pH (7.10 ± 0.12), bicarbonate (HCO3-) (16.48 ± 3.80 mmol/l), base deficit (-12.65 ± 5.97 mmol/l) and fractional excretion (FE) of sodium (0.16 ± 0.11%) and potassium (15.07 ± 8.56%) were significantly lower while serum urea (17.48 ± 10.32 mmol/l) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations (169.72 ± 98.12 µmol/l), haematocrit levels (45.13 ± 13.60%) and urinary gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)/Cr ratio (8.6 ± 4.3 × 1/103 U/µmol) were significantly higher in diarrhoeic calves than in healthy calves. Alterations in parameters indicating the presence of renal dysfunction were normalised in the diarrhoeic calves that survived (83.3%). Three calves with severe metabolic acidosis and azotaemia died at the beginning of therapy. It was concluded that the FE of Na and K (FENa, FEK) and urine GGT/Cr ratio may have an important role in assessing renal function in diarrhoeic calves and in evaluating the effectiveness of an applied fluid therapy.

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