Biotransformation of copper oxide nanoparticles by the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

Kovačec, Eva and Regvar, Marjana and van Elteren, Johannes Teun and Arčon, Iztok and Papp, Tamás and Makovec, Darko and Vogel-Mikuš, Katarina (2017) Biotransformation of copper oxide nanoparticles by the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. CHEMOSPHERE. pp. 1-36. ISSN 0045-6535

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Abstract

The effects of copper (Cu) on microorganisms have been studied for decades due to its strong antimicrobial activity. Nowadays, emerging technologies are developing new antimicrobial compounds such as CuO and Cu nanoparticles (NPs), or products with their inclusions. In this study two plant pathogenic fungi, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, were exposed to Cu in either ionic (Cu2+) or microparticle (MP, CuO) or nanoparticle (NP, Cu or CuO) form, in solid and liquid culturing media. B. cinerea proved to be resistant to CuO and Cu NPs and CuO MPs in comparison to A. alternata as shown by pronounced growth and lower levels of lipid peroxidation. B. cinerea grown in the presence of CuO and Cu NPs and CuO MPs on solid medium formed a blue compound at the fungal/ culturing medium interface, followed by a Cu depletion zone. The blue compound was characterized as Cu-oxalate by Cu-K EXAFS. In B. cinerea, pronounced activity of catechol-type siderophores and/or organic acid secretion apparently induces leaching and mobilization of Cu ions from the CuO MPs, CuO and Cu NPs and their further complexation with extracellularly secreted oxalic acid. As such, the pathogenic fungus B. cinerea may be used for copper extraction and/or purification and synthesis of different materials.

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