The Genomic History Of Southeastern Europe

Mathieson, Iain and Alpaslan Roodenberg, Songül and Posth, Cosimo and Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna and Rohland, Nadin and Mallick, Swapan and Olalde, Iñigo and Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen and Candilio, Francesca and Cheronet, Olivia and Fernandes, Daniel and Ferry, Matthew and Gamarra, Beatriz and González Fortes, Gloria and Haak, Wolfgang and Harney, Eadaoin and Jones, Eppie and Keating, Denise and Krause-Kyora, Ben and Kucukkalipci, Isil and Michel, Megan and Mittnik, Alissa and Nägele, Kathrin and Novak, Mario and Oppenheimer, Jonas and Patterson, Nick and Pfrengle, Saskia and Sirak, Kendra and Stewardson, Kristin and Vai, Stefania and Alexandrov, Stefan and Alt, Kurt W. and Andreescu, Radian and Antonović, Dragana and Ash, Abigail and Atanassova, Nadezhda and Bacvarov, Krum and Balázs Gusztáv, Mende and Bocherens, Hervé and Bolus, Michael and Boroneanţ, Adina and Boyadzhiev, Yavor and Budnik, Alicja and Burmaz, Josip and Chohadzhiev, Stefan and Conard, Nicholas J. and Cottiaux, Richard and Čuka, Maja and Cupillard, Christophe and Drucker, Dorothée G. and Elenski, Nedko and Francken, Michael and Galabova, Borislava and Ganetovski, Georgi and G&eacutely, Bernard and Hajdu, Tamás and Handzhyiska, Veneta and Harvati, Katerina and Higham, Thomas and Iliev, Stanislav and Janković, Ivor and Karavanić, Ivor and Kennett, Douglas J. and Komšo, Darko and Kozak, Alexandra and Labuda, Damian and Lari, Martina and Lazar, Catalin and Leppek, Maleen and Leshtakov, Krassimir and Lo Vetro, Domenico and Los, Dženi and Lozanov, Ivaylo and Malina, Maria and Martini, Fabio and McSweeney, Kath and Meller, Harald and Menđušić, Marko and Mirea, Pavel and Moiseyev, Vyacheslav and Petrova, Vanya and Price, T. Douglas and Simalcsik, Angela and Sineo, Luca and Šlaus, Mario and Slavchev, Vladimir and Stanev, Petar and Starović, Andrej and Szeniczey, Tamás and Talamo, Sahra and Teschler-Nicola, Maria and Thevenet, Corinne and Valchev, Ivan and Valentin, Frédérique and Vasilyev, Sergey and Veljanovska, Fanica and Venelinova, Svetlana and Veselovskaya, Elizaveta and Viola, Bence and Virag, Cristian and Zaninović, Joško and Zäuner, Steve and Stockhammer, Philipp W. and Catalano, Giulio and Krauß, Raiko and Caramelli, David and Zariņa, Gunita and Gaydarska, Bisserka and Lillie, Malcolm and Nikitin, Alexey G. and Potekhina, Inna and Papathanasiou, Anastasia and Borić, Dušan and Bonsall, Clive and Krause, Johannes and Pinhasi, Ron and Reich, David (2017) The Genomic History Of Southeastern Europe. NATURE. ISSN 0028-0836 (Submitted)

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Abstract

Farming was first introduced to southeastern Europe in the mid-7th millennium BCE - brought by migrants from Anatolia who settled in the region before spreading throughout Europe. To clarify the dynamics of the interaction between the first farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers where they first met, we analyze genome-wide ancient DNA data from 223 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document previously uncharacterized genetic structure, showing a West-East cline of ancestry in hunter-gatherers, and show that some Aegean farmers had ancestry from a different lineage than the northwestern Anatolian lineage that formed the overwhelming ancestry of other European farmers. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited admixture with local hunter-gatherers, but that some groups mixed extensively, with relatively sex-balanced admixture compared to the male-biased hunter-gatherer admixture that prevailed later in the North and West. Southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between East and West after farming arrived, with intermittent genetic contact from the Steppe up to 2000 years before the migration that replaced much of northern Europe's population.

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