Komplementer morfológiai és kémiai antropológiai vizsgálatok régi emberi maradványokon

Balázs, János (2017) Komplementer morfológiai és kémiai antropológiai vizsgálatok régi emberi maradványokon. ANTHROPOLOGIAI KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 58. pp. 81-89. ISSN 0003-5440

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Abstract

Chemical anthropology lays in the intersection of chemistry and biological anthropology. Our related investigations targeted the remains of 698 individuals from 5 archaeological sites. The samples also included the partially mummified remains of a neonate. During our investigations we applied many macromorphological, paleoradiological, paleohistological, paleomicrobial techniques, and several methodologies of chemical anthropology. Using μXRF and ICP- AES techniques, it was confirmed that copper played a definitive role in the partial mummification observed on the remains of Nyárlőrinc-Hangár utca inv. no. 14426 neonate. By doing so, we have described a new type of mummification process. We published a lot of new data concerning metrical and non-metrical characteristics, paleostomatology and paleopathology of the biarchaeological remains of the Orosháza microregion. The Orosháza-Bónum, Faluhely excavation site is the first (and currently the only) Árpádian Age Muslim burial complex studied in Hungary. ICP-MS results have proved that the Ca/P concentration ratio increased with the age at death of the individual, and this phenomenon is not only present in modern samples. Analytical measurements of Ba, Sr and Zn trace elements provided information about the diet of this population. On the basis of trace elemental analysis, we also defined a relative chronology of inhumations in the Orosháza-Bónum, Faluhely cemetery, where direct archaeological dating of many graves that missed any artifact was not possible. Preliminary measurements of the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio in the bioarchaeological remains of Orosháza-Bónum, Faluhely show that at least a part of this population may have originated from a different geographical environment. We also pioneered the practice of LA-ICP-MS studies on mummies in Hungary by performing the determination of trace element distributions in hair samples.

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