A Mycobacterium tuberculosis komplex archaikus DNS kimutatása humán csontvázmaradványokon

Pósa, Annamária (2017) A Mycobacterium tuberculosis komplex archaikus DNS kimutatása humán csontvázmaradványokon. ANTHROPOLOGIAI KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 58. pp. 97-107. ISSN 0003-5440

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases and still has a high prevalence nowadays. The disease is pandemic, according to the estimation of the WHO 30% of total population of the world may be infected latently by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since the 1990s the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has used molecular methods, too. Paleomicrobial research is also able to identify mycobacterial DNA from ancient human remains. In my examination I researched six historical periods for TB infection, the earliest period is Neolithic, a few samples from Tápé-Széntéglaégető archaeological site, which is a late Bronze Age (BC 14th–13rd century) cemetery, Avar Age samples (Szeged-Kiskundorozsma Kettőshatár II. (Grave No. 263 and Csárdaszállás-Hanzélytanya) are from the age of the Árpádian Dynasty. The skeletal material came from the Bácsalmás-Óalmás archeological site (AD 16th–17th centuries, southern Hungary) and the remains of Sándor Terézia from the Dominican church of Vác (AD 18th–19th centuries). During our research program we successfully adopted long standing paleomicrobiological techniques on the indigenous samples, and the TB infection was confirmed in four different ages. Our studies prove that this disease has accompanied the human population during its history – for 7000 years at least. The presence of tuberculosis has been proved in Hungary since the Neolithic, that is why it would be an interesting research topic if we could analyse more earlier periods in the near future. My research has revealed that the preservation of mycobacterial DNA is much more extensive in the case of long bones and teeth, than in the case of vertebrae or ribs. At the same time, data gained indicate the importance of the selection of the sample, as well as parallel sampling individually from long bones and teeth.

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