Protestant Space-Continuity. Architectural–Structural–Liturgical Coherences of the Hungarian Protestant Church Architecture in the 20th Century

Baku, Eszter and Urbán, Erzsébet and Vukoszávlyev, Zorán (2017) Protestant Space-Continuity. Architectural–Structural–Liturgical Coherences of the Hungarian Protestant Church Architecture in the 20th Century. In: V. Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea, 2017.08.23-2017.08.27, Santiago de Chile.

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Abstract

Intensive efforts started in the last decades to get to know the Central and Eastern European and the Hungarian church architecture. In this historically depressed period (1920–1945– 1989), church buildings were important identity forming potencies in the life of the Protestant communities newly emerged by the rearrangement of country's borders and the urbanization of the peripheries of the cities. The modern architectural principles and the structural and liturgical questions gave opportunity for continuous experimentations in the examined period, which resulted a centralizing tendency – basically with origins from L. Ch. Sturm and O. Bartning – between the two world wars. Analysing the Protestant space organization, it is verifiable that these centralizing tendencies with identification character did not pull out from the de-emphasizing church architecture in spite of the historical–political events of World War II., but they were realized in new Protestant church plans after the change of the regime, as a matured, new church type based on traditions. The primary importance of the study is the holistic examination of the Protestant church architecture of the 20th century: it tries to show the interwar centralizing tendencies and the continuing space approach of ‘80s. In Protestant church architecture, modern architecture with its puritan, industrial aesthetics was realised relatively late, compared to Catholic churches, and it became legitimate by strongly structural orientating appearing from the mid-70s. Our research shows through some examples that the space structure continuity can be understood in relation with the questions of style and the appearance and spread of modernism. All of this is in connection with the centralizing plan forming, which is the most obvious symbolical visualizing effect of the community. The study shows the Protestant church activity of the period through the two most significant denominations – the Calvinist and the Lutheran church architecture –, thereby providing a typological approach.

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