Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors of the Neurovascular Unit in Inflamm-Aging

Wilhelm, Imola Mária and Nyúl-Tóth, Ádám and Kozma, Mihály and Farkas, Elek Attila and Krizbai, István Adorján (2017) Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors of the Neurovascular Unit in Inflamm-Aging. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY, 313 (5). H1000-H1012. ISSN 0363-6135

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Abstract

Aging is associated with chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) partly mediated by increased levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. Furthermore, many aging-related disorders are associated with inflammation. PRRs, like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are not only expressed in cells of the innate immune system, but other cells as well, including cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and cerebral vasculature forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review we summarize our current knowledge about the relationship among activation of PRRs expressed by cells of the NVU/BBB, chronic inflammation and aging-related pathologies of the brain. The most important DAMP-sensing PRRs in the brain are TLR2, TLR4, NLRP1 and NLRP3, which are activated during physiological and pathological aging in microglia, neurons, astrocytes and possibly endothelial cells and pericytes.

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