The Image of the World in Slovak and Hungarian Grammaticalised Categories

Tóth, Sándor János (2018) The Image of the World in Slovak and Hungarian Grammaticalised Categories. EZHEGODNIK FINNO-UGORSKIKH ISSLEDOVANII / YEARBOOK OF FINNO-UGRIC STUDIES, 12 (4). pp. 15-26. ISSN 2224-9443

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Abstract

Most cognitive linguists focus on lexical semantics in one or more languages from the aspect of culture. Yes, word derivation, especially the motivation of the lexemes shows much from the cognitive base of the linguistic image of the world. However, besides researching lexical semantics in different cultures, it is also possible to find the linguistic image of the world in morphology. In this paper we use the methods of cognitive linguistics and the method of comparing analysis of Slovak and Hungarian morphology – two genetically and typologically different languages in one area. The outputs of the paper show the cognitive relevancy of what is grammaticalised in the compared languages. The interpretation is based on the theory of linguistic relativity, analogy in bilingual language usage. The conclusion is that long time cultural convergence results in cognitive analogy even in typologically different languages. Bilateral and trilateral symmetry is also an important formal aspect of the stability of the grammaticalised categories: in a bipolar system (e.g. numerus) is the developing of different degrees more possible as in a stabile “triangle-like” grammaticalised category (e.g. Slavic and Finno-Ugric tense). The grammaticalised cognitive domains can be bilateral and trilateral, the study shows which of them differ and which converge in Slovak and Hungarian.

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