Torques felt by solid accreting planets

Regály, Zsolt (2020) Torques felt by solid accreting planets. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 497 (4). pp. 5540-5549. ISSN 0035-8711

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Abstract

The solid material of protoplanetary discs forms an asymmetric pattern around a low-mass planet ( $M_\\mathrm{p}\\le 10\\, \\mathrm{ M}_\\oplus$ ) due to the combined effect of dust-gas interaction and the gravitational attraction of the planet. Recently, it has been shown that although the total solid mass is negligible compared to that of gas in protoplanetary discs, a positive torque can be emerged by a certain size solid species. The torque magnitude can overcome that of gas which may result in outward planetary migration. In this study, we show that the accretion of solid species by the planet strengthens the magnitude of solid torque resolution ( $1.5\\,\\rm {K}\\times 3\\,\\rm {K}$ ) global hydrodynamic simulations of an embedded low-mass planet in a protoplanetary disc. The solid material is handled as a pressureless fluid. Strong accretion of well-coupled solid species by an $M_\\mathrm{p}\\lesssim 0.3\\, \\mathrm{ M}_\\oplus$ protoplanet results in the formation of such a strongly asymmetric solid pattern close to the planet that the positive solid torque can overcome that of gas by two times. However, the accretion of solids in the pebble regime results in increased magnitude negative mass planets. For $M_\\mathrm{p}\\ge 3\\, \\mathrm{ M}_\\oplus$ planets, the magnitude of the solid torque is positive, however, independent of the accretion strength investigated. We conclude that the migration of solid accreting planets can be substantially departed from the canonical type-I prediction.

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